In this study, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models are used to assess the efficiency of the healthcare system in the districts of Odisha and to determine whether the system can handle the increase in demand for healthcare services caused by the expanding population. This study used multiple DEA models, including BCC, CCR, SBM (VRS), and super efficiency, to evaluate the relative efficiency of the delivery of health services in Odisha districts. The results revealed substantial variation in performance across the state. The study considered number of Sub-Centers (SCs), the number of Primary Health Centers (PHCs), the number of Community Health Centers (CHCs), expenditure, bed strength and doctors as input parameters and the average population covered, industrial delivery, life expectancy, and infant mortality rates as output parameters to analyze the performance of the rural healthcare systems. In the results, several districts consistently achieved full efficiency under different DEA models, indicating optimal utilization of resources. The districts such as Cuttack, Bhadrak, Khordha, and Puri frequently appeared on the efficiency frontier in multiple models, suggesting strong healthcare management and service delivery mechanisms. However, districts such as Rayagada, Nabarangpur, and Malkangiri exhibited notably low efficiency scores in traditional and slack-based models.